Network Working Group
Request for Comments: 2447
Category: Standards Track

F. Dawson
Lotus
S. Mansour
Netscape
S. Silverberg
Microsoft
November 1998

iCalendar Message-Based Interoperability Protocol

(iMIP)

Status of this Memo

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

Abstract

   This document, [iMIP], specifies a binding from the iCalendar
   Transport-independent Interoperability Protocol (iTIP) to Internet
   email-based transports. Calendaring entries defined by the iCalendar
   Object Model [iCAL] are composed using constructs from [RFC-822],
   [RFC-2045], [RFC-2046], [RFC-2047], [RFC-2048] and [RFC-2049].

This document is based on discussions within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Calendaring and Scheduling (CALSCH) working group. More information about the IETF CALSCH working group activities can be found on the IMC web site at http://www.imc.org, the IETF web site at http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/calsch-charter.html. Refer to the references within this document for further information on how to access these various documents.

 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................2
  1.1 RELATED MEMOS ...................................................2
  1.2 FORMATTING CONVENTIONS ..........................................3
  1.3 TERMINOLOGY .....................................................4
 2 MIME MESSAGE FORMAT BINDING.........................................4
  2.1 MIME MEDIA TYPE .................................................4
  2.2 SECURITY ........................................................4
    2.2.1 Authorization ...............................................4
    2.2.2 Authentication ..............................................5
    2.2.3 Confidentiality .............................................5
  2.3 [RFC-822] ADDRESSES .............................................5
  2.4 CONTENT TYPE ....................................................5
  2.5 CONTENT-TRANSFER-ENCODING .......................................6
  2.6 CONTENT-DISPOSITION .............................................6
 3 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS.............................................7
 4 EXAMPLES............................................................8
  4.1 SINGLE COMPONENT WITH AN ATTACH PROPERTY ........................8
  4.2 USING MULTIPART ALTERNATIVE FOR LOW FIDELITY CLIENTS ............8
  4.3 SINGLE COMPONENT WITH AN ATTACH PROPERTY AND INLINE ATTACHMENT ..9
  4.4 MULTIPLE SIMILAR COMPONENTS ....................................10
  4.5 MULTIPLE MIXED COMPONENTS ......................................11
  4.6 DETAILED COMPONENTS WITH AN ATTACH PROPERTY ....................13
 5 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES..............................................14
  5.1 USE OF CONTENT AND MESSAGE IDS .................................14
 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................15
 7 AUTHORS' ADDRESSES.................................................16
 8 FULL COPYRIGHT STATEMENT...........................................18

1 Introduction

This binding document provides the transport specific information necessary convey iCalendar Transport-independent Interoperability Protocol (iTIP) over MIME as defined in [RFC-822] and [RFC-2045].

1.1 Related Memos

Implementers will need to be familiar with several other memos that, along with this memo, form a framework for Internet calendaring and scheduling standards.

This document, [iMIP], specifies an Internet email binding for iTIP.

[iCAL] - specifies a core specification of objects, data types, properties and property parameters;

[iTIP] - specifies an interoperability protocol for scheduling between different implementations;

This memo does not attempt to repeat the specification of concepts or definitions from these other memos. Where possible, references are made to the memo that provides for the specification of these concepts or definitions.

1.2 Formatting Conventions

The mechanisms defined in this memo are defined in prose. In order to refer to elements of the calendaring and scheduling model, core object or interoperability protocol defined in [iCAL] and [iTIP] some formatting conventions have been used.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY" and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC-2119].

Calendaring and scheduling roles are referred to in quoted-strings of text with the first character of each word in upper case. For example, "Organizer" refers to a role of a "Calendar User" within the scheduling protocol defined by [iTIP].

Calendar components defined by [iCAL] are referred to with capitalized, quoted-strings of text. All calendar components start with the letter "V". For example, "VEVENT" refers to the event calendar component, "VTODO" refers to the to-do calendar component and "VJOURNAL" refers to the daily journal calendar component.

Scheduling methods defined by [iTIP] are referred to with capitalized, quoted-strings of text. For example, "REQUEST" refers to the method for requesting a scheduling calendar component be created or modified, "REPLY" refers to the method a recipient of a request uses to update their status with the "Organizer" of the calendar component.

Properties defined by [iCAL] are referred to with capitalized, quoted-strings of text, followed by the word "property". For example, "ATTENDEE" property refers to the iCalendar property used to convey the calendar address of a calendar user.

Property parameters defined by [iCAL] are referred to with lower case, quoted-strings of text, followed by the word "parameter". For example, "value" parameter refers to the iCalendar property parameter used to override the default data type for a property value.

1.3 Terminology

The email terms used in this memo are defined in [RFC-822] and [RFC- 2045]. The calendaring and scheduling terms used in this memo are defined in [iCAL] and [iTIP].

2 MIME Message Format Binding

This section defines the message binding to the MIME electronic mail transport.

The sections below refer to the "originator" and the "respondent" of an iMIP message. Typically, the originator is the "Organizer" of an event. The respondent is an "Attendee" of the event.

The [RFC-822] "Reply-To" header typically contains the email address of the originator or respondent of an event. However, this cannot be guaranteed as Mail User Agents (MUA) are not required to enforce iMIP semantics.

2.1 MIME Media Type

A MIME entity containing content information formatted according to this document will be referenced as a "text/calendar" content type. It is assumed that this content type will be transported through a MIME electronic mail transport.

2.2 Security

This section addresses several aspects of security including Authentication, Authorization and Confidentiality. Authentication and confidentiality can be achieved using [RFC-1847] that specifies the Security Multiparts for MIME. This framework defines new content types and subtypes of multipart: signed and encrypted. Each contains two body parts: one for the protected data and another for the control information necessary to remove the protection.

2.2.1 Authorization

In [iTIP] messages, only the "Organizer" is authorized to modify or cancel calendar entries they organize. That is, spoof@xyz.com is not allowed to modify or cancel a meeting that was organized by a@example.com. Furthermore, only the respondent has the authorization to indicate their status to the "Organizer". That is, the "Organizer" must ignore an [iTIP] message from spoof@xyz.com that declines a meeting invitation for b@example.com.

Implementations of iMIP SHOULD verify the authenticity of the creator of an iCalendar object before taking any action. The methods for doing this are presented later in this document.

[RFC-1847] Message flow in iTIP supports someone working on behalf of a "Calendar User" through use of the "sent-by" parameter that is associated with the "ATTENDEE" and "ORGANIZER" properties. However, there is no mechanism to verify whether or not a "Calendar User" has authorized someone to work on their behalf. It is left to implementations to provide mechanisms for the "Calendar Users" to make that decision.

2.2.2 Authentication

Authentication can be performed using an implementation of [RFC-1847] "multipart/signed" that supports public/private key certificates. Authentication is possible only on messages that have been signed. Authenticating an unsigned message may not be reliable.

2.2.3 Confidentiality

To ensure confidentiality using iMIP implementations should utilize [RFC-1847]-compliant encryption. The protocol does not restrict a "Calendar User Agent" (CUA) from forwarding iCalendar objects to other users or agents.

2.3 [RFC-822] Addresses

The calendar address specified within the "ATTENDEE" property in an iCalendar object MUST be a fully qualified, [RFC-822] address specification for the corresponding "Organizer" or "Attendee" of the "VEVENT" or "VTODO".

Because [iTIP] does not preclude "Attendees" from forwarding "VEVENTS" or "VTODOS" to others, the [RFC-822] "Sender" value may not equal that of the "Organizer". Additionally, the "Organizer" or "Attendee" cannot be reliably inferred by the [RFC-822] "Sender" or "Reply-to" values of an iMIP message. The relevant address MUST be ascertained by opening the "text/calendar" MIME body part and examining the "ATTENDEE" and "ORGANIZER" properties.

2.4 Content Type

A MIME body part containing content information that conforms to this document MUST have an [RFC-2045] "Content-Type" value of "text/calendar". The [RFC-2045] "Content-Type" header field must also include the type parameter "method". The value MUST be the same as the value of the "METHOD" calendar property within the iCalendar object. This means that a MIME message containing multiple iCalendar objects with different method values must be further encapsulated with a "multipart/mixed" MIME entity. This will allow each of the iCalendar objects to be encapsulated within their own "text/calendar" MIME entity.

A "charset" parameter MUST be present if the iCalendar object contains characters that are not part of the US-ASCII character set. [RFC-2046] discusses the selection of an appropriate "charset" value.

The optional "component" parameter defines the iCalendar component type contained within the iCalendar object.

The following is an example of this header field with a value that indicates an event message.

        Content-Type:text/calendar; method=request; charset=UTF-8;
        
              component=vevent

The "text/calendar" content type allows for the scheduling message type to be included in a MIME message with other content information (i.e., "multipart/mixed") or included in a MIME message with a clear-text, human-readable form of the scheduling message (i.e., "multipart/alternative").

In order to permit the information in the scheduling message to be understood by MIME user agents (UA) that do not support the "text/calendar" content type, scheduling messages SHOULD be sent with an alternative, human-readable form of the information.

2.5 Content-Transfer-Encoding

Note that the default character set for iCalendar objects is UTF-8. A transfer encoding SHOULD be used for iCalendar objects containing any characters that are not part of the US-ASCII character set.

2.6 Content-Disposition

The handling of a MIME part should be based on its [RFC-2045] "Content-Type". However, this is not guaranteed to work in all environments. Some environments handle MIME attachments based on their file type or extension. To operate correctly in these environments, implementations may wish to include a "Content- Disposition" property to define a file name.

3 Security Considerations

The security threats that applications must address when implementing iTIP are detailed in [iTIP]. Two spoofing threats are identified: Spoofing the "Organizer", and Spoofing an "Attendee". To address these threats, the originator of an iCalendar object must be authenticated by a recipient. Once authenticated, a determination can be made as to whether or not the originator is authorized to perform the requested operation. Compliant applications MUST support signing and encrypting text/calendar attachments using a mechanism based on Security Multiparts for MIME [RFC-1847] to facilitate the authentication the originator of the iCalendar object. Implementations MAY provide a means for users to disable signing and encrypting. The steps are described below:

1. The iCalendar object MUST be signed by the "Organizer" sending an update or the "Attendee" sending a reply.

2. Using the [RFC-1847]-compliant security mechanism, determine who signed the iCalendar object. This is the "signer". Note that the signer is not necessarily the person sending an e-mail message since an e-mail message can be forwarded.

3. Correlate the signer to an "ATTENDEE" property in the iCalendar object. If the signer cannot be correlated to an "ATTENDEE" property, ignore the message.

4. Determine whether or not the "ATTENDEE" is authorized to perform the operation as defined by [iTIP]. If the conditions are not met, ignore the message.

If all the above conditions are met, the message can be processed.

To address the confidentiality security threats, signed iMIP messages SHOULD be encrypted by a mechanism based on Security Multiparts for MIME [RFC-1847].

It is possible to receive iMIP messages sent by someone working on behalf of another "Calendar User". This is determined by examining the "sent-by" parameter in the relevant "ORGANIZER" or "ATTENDEE" property. [iCAL] and [iTIP] provide no mechanism to verify that a "Calendar User" has authorized someone else to work on their behalf. To address this security issue, implementations MUST provide mechanisms for the "Calendar Users" to make that decision before applying changes from someone working on behalf of a "Calendar User".

4 Examples

4.1 Single Component With An ATTACH Property

This minimal message shows how an iCalendar object references an attachment. The attachment is accessible via its URL.

   From: sman@netscape.com
   To: stevesil@microsoft.com
   Subject: Phone Conference
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type:text/calendar; method=REQUEST; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   PRODID:-//ACME/DesktopCalendar//EN
   METHOD:REQUEST
   VERSION:2.0
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   ORGANIZER:mailto:sman@netscape.com
   ATTENDEE;ROLE=CHAIR;ATTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:sman@netscape.com
   ATTENDEE;RSVP=YES:mailto:stevesil@microsoft.com
   DTSTAMP:19970611T190000Z
   DTSTART:19970701T210000Z
   DTEND:19970701T230000Z
   SUMMARY:Phone Conference
   DESCRIPTION:Please review the attached document.
   UID:calsvr.example.com-873970198738777
   ATTACH:ftp://ftp.bar.com/pub/docs/foo.doc
   STATUS:CONFIRMED
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR

4.2 Using Multipart Alternative for Low Fidelity Clients

This example shows how a client can emit a multipart message that includes both a plain text version as well as the full iCalendar object. Clients that do not support text/calendar will still be capable of rendering the plain text representation.

   From: foo1@example.com
   To: foo2@example.com
   Subject: Phone Conference
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type: multipart/alternative;boundary="01BD3665.3AF0D360"
   
   --01BD3665.3AF0D360
   Content-Type: text/plain;charset=us-ascii

Content-Transfer-Encoding:

                              7bit
   
   This is an alternative representation of a TEXT/CALENDAR MIME Object
   When: 7/1/1997 10:00AM PDT - 7/1/97 10:30AM PDT
   Where:
   Organizer: foo1@example.com
   Summary: Phone Conference
   
   --01BD3665.3AF0D360
   Content-Type:text/calendar; method=REQUEST; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
   
   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   PRODID:-//ACME/DesktopCalendar//EN
   METHOD:REQUEST
   VERSION:2.0
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   ORGANIZER:mailto:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;ROLE=CHAIR;ATTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;RSVP=YES;TYPE=INDIVIDUAL:mailto:foo2@example.com
   DTSTAMP:19970611T190000Z
   DTSTART:19970701T170000Z
   DTEND:19970701T173000Z
   SUMMARY:Phone Conference
   UID:calsvr.example.com-8739701987387771
   SEQUENCE:0
   STATUS:CONFIRMED
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR
   
   --01BD3665.3AF0D360

4.3 Single Component With An ATTACH Property and Inline Attachment

This example shows how a message containing an iCalendar object references an attached document. The reference is made using a Content-id (CID). Thus, the iCalendar object and the document are packaged in a multipart/related encapsulation.

   From: foo1@example.com
   To: foo2@example.com
   Subject: Phone Conference
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="boundary-example-1";
                 type=text/calendar
   
   --boundary-example-1
   Content-Type:text/calendar; method=REQUEST; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
   Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="event.vcs"
   
   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   PRODID:-//ACME/DesktopCalendar//EN
   METHOD:REQUEST
   VERSION:2.0
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   ORGANIZER:mailto:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;ROLE=CHAIR;ATTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;RSVP=YES;TYPE=INDIVIDUAL:mailto:foo2@example.com
   DTSTAMP:19970611T190000Z
   DTSTART:19970701T180000Z
   DTEND:19970701T183000Z
   SUMMARY:Phone Conference
   UID:calsvr.example.com-8739701987387771
   ATTACH:cid:123456789@example.com
   SEQUENCE:0
   STATUS:CONFIRMED
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR
   
   --boundary-example-1
   Content-Type: application/msword; name="FieldReport.doc"
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
   Content-Disposition: inline; filename="FieldReport.doc"
   Content-ID: <123456789@example.com>
   
   0M8R4KGxGuEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPgADAP7/CQAGAAAAAAAAAAABAAAARAAAAAAA
   AAAAEAAAQAAAAAEAAAD+////AAAAAEUAAAD/////////////////////////////////
   
   --boundary-example-1--

4.4 Multiple Similar Components

Multiple iCalendar components of the same type can be included in the iCalendar object when the METHOD is the same for each component.

   From: foo1@example.com
   To: foo2@example.com
   Subject: Summer Company Holidays
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type:text/calendar; method=PUBLISH; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
   Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="event.vcs"
   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   PRODID:-//ACME/DESKTOPCALENDAR//EN
   METHOD:PUBLISH
   VERSION:2.0
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   ORGANIZER:MAILTO:FOO1@EXAMPLE.COM
   DTSTAMP:19970611T150000Z
   DTSTART:19970701T150000Z
   DTEND:19970701T230000Z
   SUMMARY:Company Picnic
   DESCRIPTION:Food and drink will be provided
   UID:CALSVR.EXAMPLE.COM-873970198738777-1
   SEQUENCE:0
   STATUS:CONFIRMED
   END:VEVENT
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   ORGANIZER:MAILTO:FOO1@EXAMPLE.COM
   DTSTAMP:19970611T190000Z
   DTSTART:19970715T150000Z
   DTEND:19970715T230000Z
   SUMMARY:Company Bowling Tournament
   DESCRIPTION:We have 10 lanes reserved
   UID:CALSVR.EXAMPLE.COM-873970198738777-2
   SEQUENCE:0
   STATUS:CONFIRMED
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR

4.5 Multiple Mixed Components

Different component types must be encapsulated in separate iCalendar objects.

   From: foo1@example.com
   To: foo2@example.com
   Subject: Phone Conference
   Mime-Version: 1.0
   Content-Type:multipart/mixed;boundary="--FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C"

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

   ----FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C
   Content-Type:text/calendar; method=REQUEST; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
   Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="event1.vcs"
   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   PRODID:-//ACME/DesktopCalendar//EN
   METHOD:REQUEST
   VERSION:2.0
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   ORGANIZER:mailto:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;ROLE=CHAIR;ATTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;RSVP=YES;TYPE=INDIVIDUAL:mailto:foo2@example.com
   DTSTAMP:19970611T190000Z
   DTSTART:19970701T210000Z
   DTEND:19970701T230000Z
   SUMMARY:Phone Conference
   DESCRIPTION:Discuss what happened at the last meeting
   UID:calsvr.example.com-8739701987387772
   SEQUENCE:0
   STATUS:CONFIRMED
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR
   
   ----FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C
   Content-Type:text/calendar; method=REQUEST; charset=US-ASCII
   Content-Transfer-Encoding:7bit
   Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="todo1.vcs"
   
   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   PRODID:-//ACME/DesktopCalendar//EN
   METHOD:REQUEST
   VERSION:2.0
   BEGIN:VTODO
   DUE:19970701T090000-0700
   ORGANIZER:mailto:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;ROLE=CHAIR;ATTSTAT=ACCEPTED:mailto:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;RSVP=YES:mailto:foo2@example.com
   SUMMARY:Phone Conference
   DESCRIPTION:Discuss a new location for the company picnic
   UID:calsvr.example.com-td-8739701987387773
   SEQUENCE:0
   STATUS:NEEDS ACTION
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR
   
   ----FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C

4.6 Detailed Components With An ATTACH Property

This example shows the format of a message containing a group meeting between three individuals. The multipart/related encapsulation is used because the iCalendar object contains an ATTACH property that uses a CID to reference the attachment.

   From: foo1@example.com
   MIME-Version: 1.0
   To: foo2@example.com,foo3@example.com
   Subject: REQUEST - Phone Conference
   Content-Type:multipart/related;boundary="--FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C"
   
   ----FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C
   Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
                 boundary="--00FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C00"
   
   ----00FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C00
   Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
   
   When: 7/1/1997 10:00PM PDT- 7/1/97 10:30 PM PDT
   Where:
   Organizer: foo1@example.com
   Summary: Let's discuss the attached document
   
   ----00FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C00
   
   Content-Type:text/calendar; method=REQUEST; charset=US-ASCII;
                    Component=vevent
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
   Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="event.vcs"
   
   BEGIN:VCALENDAR
   PRODID:-//ACME/DesktopCalendar//EN
   PROFILE:REQUEST
   PROFILE-VERSION:1.0
   VERSION:2.0
   BEGIN:VEVENT
   ORGANIZER:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;ROLE=CHAIR;ATTSTAT=ACCEPTED:foo1@example.com
   ATTENDEE;RSVP=YES;TYPE=INDIVIDUAL:mailto:foo2@example.com
   ATTENDEE;RSVP=YES;TYPE=INDIVIDUAL:mailto:foo3@example.com
   DTSTAMP:19970611T190000Z
   DTSTART:19970621T170000Z
   DTEND:199706211T173000Z
   SUMMARY:Let's discuss the attached document
   UID:calsvr.example.com-873970198738777-8aa
   ATTACH:cid:calsvr.example.com-12345aaa
   SEQUENCE:0
   STATUS:CONFIRMED
   END:VEVENT
   END:VCALENDAR
   
   ----00FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C00
   
   ----FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C
   Content-Type: application/msword; name="FieldReport.doc"
   Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
   Content-Disposition: inline; filename="FieldReport.doc"
   Content-ID: <calsvr.example.com-12345aaa>
   
   R0lGODdhTAQZAJEAAFVVVd3d3e4AAP///ywAAAAATAQZAAAC/5yPOSLhD6OctNqLs94XqAG
   4kiW5omm6sq27gvH8kzX9o1y+s73/g8MCofEovGITCoxKMbyCR16cNSq9YrNarfcrvdriIH
   5LL5jE6rxc3G+v2cguf0uv2Oz+v38L7/DxgoOKjURnjIIbe3yNjo+AgZWYVIWWl5iZnJY6J.
   
   ----FEE3790DC7E35189CA67CE2C

5 Recommended Practices

This section outlines a series of recommended practices when using a messaging transport to exchange iCalendar objects.

5.1 Use of Content and Message IDs

The [iCAL] specification makes frequent use of the URI for data types in properties such as "DESCRIPTION", "ATTACH", "CONTACT" and others. Two forms of URIs are Message ID (MID) and Content ID (CID). These are defined in [RFC-2111]. Although [RFC-2111] allows referencing messages or MIME body parts in other MIME entities or stores, it is strongly recommended that iMIP implementations include all referenced messages and body parts in a single MIME entity. Simply put, if an iCalendar object contains CID or MID references to other messages or body parts, implementations should ensure that these messages and/or body parts are transmitted with the iCalendar object. If they are not there is no guarantee that the receiving "CU" will have the access or the authorization to view those objects.

6 Bibliography

   [CHST]     Character Sets, ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-
              notes/iana/assignments/character-sets
   
   [iCAL]     Dawson, F. and D. Stenerson, "Internet Calendaring and
              Scheduling Core Object Specification - iCalendar", RFC
              2445, November 1998.
   
   [iTIP]     Silverberg, S., Mansour, S., Dawson, F. and R. Hopson,
              "iCalendar Transport-Independent Interoperability Protocol
              (iTIP): Scheduling Events, Busy Time, To-dos and Journal
              Entries", RFC 2446, November 1998.
   
   [RFC-822]  Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet
              Text Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, August 1982.
   
   [RFC-1847] Galvin, J., Murphy, S., Crocker, S. and N. Freed,
              "Security Multiparts for MIME: Multipart/Signed and
              Multipart/Encrypted", RFC 1847, October 1995.
   
   [RFC-2045] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
              Extensions (MIME) - Part One: Format of Internet Message
              Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
   
   [RFC-2046] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
              Extensions (MIME) - Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046,
              November 1996.
   
   [RFC-2047] Moore, K., "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) -
              Part Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text",
              RFC 2047, November 1996.
   
   [RFC-2048] Freed, N., Klensin, J. and J. Postel, "Multipurpose
              Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) - Part Four: Registration
              Procedures", RFC 2048, January 1997.
   
   [RFC-2111] Levinson, E., "Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource
              Locators", RFC 2111, March 1997.
   
   [RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

7 Authors' Addresses

The following address information is provided in a vCard v3.0, Electronic Business Card, format.

   BEGIN:VCARD
   VERSION:3.0
   N:Dawson;Frank
   FN:Frank Dawson
   ORG:Lotus Development Corporation
   ADR;TYPE=WORK,POSTAL,PARCEL:;;6544 Battleford
    Drive;Raleigh;NC;27613-3502;USA
   TEL;TYPE=WORK,MSG:+1-919-676-9515
   TEL;TYPE=WORK,FAX:+1-919-676-9564
   EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:fdawson@earthlink.net
   URL:http://home.earthlink.net/~fdawson
   END:VCARD
   
   BEGIN:VCARD
   VERSION:3.0
   N:Mansour;Steve
   FN:Steve Mansour
   ORG:Netscape Communications Corporation
   ADR;TYPE=WORK,POSTAL,PARCEL:;;501 East Middlefield Road;Mountain
    View;CA;94043;USA
   TEL;TYPE=WORK,MSG:+1-650-937-2378
   TEL;TYPE=WORK,FAX:+1-650-937-2103
   EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:sman@netscape.com
   END:VCARD
   
   BEGIN:VCARD
   VERSION:3.0
   N:Silverberg;Steve
   FN:Steve Silverberg
   ORG:Microsoft Corporation
   ADR;TYPE=WORK,POSTAL,PARCEL:;;One Microsoft Way;
    Redmond;WA;98052-6399;USA
   TEL;TYPE=WORK,MSG:+1-425-936-9277
   TEL;TYPE=WORK,FAX:+1-425-936-8019
   EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:stevesil@Microsoft.com
   END:VCARD

The iCalendar Object is a result of the work of the Internet Engineering Task Force Calendaring and scheduling Working Group. The chairmen of that working group are:

   BEGIN:VCARD
   VERSION:3.0
   N:Ganguly;Anik
   FN:Anik Ganguly
   ORG:Open Text Inc.
   ADR;TYPE=WORK,POSTAL,PARCEL:;Suite 101;38777 West Six Mile Road;
    Livonia;MI;48152;USA
   TEL;TYPE=WORK,MSG:+1-734-542-5955
   EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:ganguly@acm.org
   END:VCARD
   
   BEGIN:VCARD
   VERSION:3.0
   N:Moskowitz;Robert
   FN:Robert Moskowitz
   EMAIL;TYPE=INTERNET:rgm-ietf@htt-consult.com
   END:VCARD

8. Full Copyright Statement

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This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.